Overview
Conventional Total Knee Replacement (TKR), also known as total knee arthroplasty (TKA), is a surgical procedure in which the damaged or worn-out parts of the knee joint are replaced with artificial components (prostheses). This procedure is typically done to relieve pain, improve function, and enhance the quality of life for individuals suffering from severe knee arthritis, osteoarthritis, or other knee joint disorders.
Conventional Total Knee Replacement (TKR)
Procedure
Incision
The surgeon makes an incision, usually about 6-8 inches long, along the front of the knee.
Removal of Damaged Bone and Cartilage
The damaged portions of the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and sometimes the patella (kneecap) are carefully removed.
Prosthesis Placement
Artificial components (prostheses) are then inserted to replace the removed bone and cartilage. These components typically consist of a metal femoral component, a plastic tibial component, and sometimes a plastic patellar component.
The femoral component is made of metal (often cobalt-chromium alloy or titanium).
The tibial component is made of a metal tray with a plastic insert (polyethylene).
The patellar component may also be replaced with a plastic or metal implant.
Knee Alignment and Stability
The components are carefully aligned to ensure proper function, stability, and range of motion.
Closing the Incision
Once the components are securely in place, the incision is closed with sutures or staples.
Indications for Conventional TKR
Severe arthritis (Osteoarthritis or Rheumatoid arthritis)
This is the most common reason for knee replacement, as these conditions cause significant pain and joint damage.
Knee deformities
If there is significant misalignment or deformity, such as bow-legged or knock-knee posture.
Failure of previous treatments
When non-surgical treatments (medication, physical therapy, injections, etc.) fail to relieve symptoms.
Post-traumatic arthritis
Resulting from past knee injuries that have damaged the joint.
Advantages of Conventional TKR
Proven Long-term Success
It’s a well-established procedure with a high success rate.
Pain Relief
Many patients experience significant pain relief and improved function after the surgery.
Improved Mobility
The procedure generally improves the range of motion, allowing patients to walk more comfortably and return to daily activities.